Auto-deleveraging is the emergency brake in crypto perpetuals that cuts part of winning positions when bankrupt liquidations overwhelm market depth and a venue’s remaining buffers, as Ambient Finance Founder Doug Colkitt explains in a new X thread.
Perpetual futures — “perps” in trading shorthand — are cash-settled contracts with no expiry that mirror spot via funding payments, not delivery. Profits and losses net against a shared margin pool rather than shipped coins, which is why, in stress, venues may need to reallocate exposure quickly to keep books balanced.
Colkitt frames ADL as the last step in a risk waterfall.
In normal conditions, a blown-up account is liquidated into the order book near its bankruptcy price. If slippage is too severe, venues lean on whatever buffers they maintain — insurance funds, programmatic liquidity, or vaults dedicated to absorbing distressed flow.
Colkitt notes that such vaults can be lucrative during turmoil because they buy at deep discounts and sell into sharp rebounds; he points to an hour during Friday’s crypto meltdown when Hyperliquid’s vault booked about $40 million.
The point, he stresses, is that a vault is not magic. It follows the same rules as any participant and has finite risk capacity. When those defenses are exhausted and a shortfall still remains, the mechanism that preserves solvency is ADL.
The analogies in Colkitt’s explainer make the logic intuitive.
He likens the process to an overbooked flight: the airline raises incentives to find volunteers, but if no one bites, “someone has to be kicked off the plane.”
In perps, when bids and buffers will not absorb the loss, ADL “bumps” part of profitable positions so the market can depart on time and settle obligations.
He also reaches for the card room.
A player on a hot streak can win table after table until the room effectively runs out of chips; trimming the winner is not punishment, it is how the house keeps the game running when the other side cannot pay.
How the queue works
When ADL triggers, exchanges apply a rule to decide who gets reduced first.
Colkitt describes a queue that blends three factors: unrealized profit, effective leverage, and position size. That math typically pushes large, highly profitable, highly leveraged accounts to the front of the line—“the biggest, most profitable whales get sent home first,” as he puts it.
Reductions are assigned at preset prices tied to the bankrupt side and continue only until the deficit is absorbed. Once the gap closes, normal trading resumes.
Traders bristle because ADL can clip a correct position at peak momentum and outside normal execution flow.
Colkitt acknowledges the frustration but argues the necessity is structural. Perp markets are zero sum. There is no warehouse of real bitcoin or ether behind a contract, only cash claims moving between longs and shorts.
In his words, it is “just a big boring pile of cash.” If a liquidation cannot clear at or above the bankruptcy price and buffers are spent, the venue must rebalance instantly to avoid bad debt and cascading failures.
Colkitt emphasizes that ADL should be rare, and most days it is.
Standard liquidations and buffers usually do the job, allowing profitable trades to exit on their own terms.
The existence of ADL, however, is part of the compact that lets venues offer non-expiring, high-leverage exposure without promising an “infinite stream of losers on the other side.” It is the final line in the rulebook that keeps the synthetic mirror of spot from cracking under stress.
He also argues that ADL exposes the scaffolding that typically stays hidden.
Perps build a convincing simulation of the underlying market, but extreme tapes test the illusion.
The “edge of the simulation” is when the platform must reveal its accounting and forcibly redistribute exposure to keep parity with spot and stop a cascade. In practice, that means a transparent queue, published parameters, and, increasingly, on-screen indicators that show accounts where they sit in the line.
Colkitt’s broader message is pragmatic.
No mechanism can guarantee painless unwinds, only predictable ones. The reason ADL provokes strong reactions is that it strikes winners, not losers, and often at the most visible moment of success. The reason it persists is that it is the only step left once markets refuse to clear and buffers run dry.
For now, exchanges are betting that clear rules, visible queues and thicker buffers keep ADL what it should be — a backstop you rarely see but never ignore.
